Exercise

1.       Since edison invite a lamp which conducted electricity, gas had been the chief means of lighting home and streets.

2.       I saw an old friend of mine when I was entering the building.

3.       Because his car was much too small, he decided to sell it.

4.       He won’t pass the examination unless he study harder.

5.       Wherever he went, he was warmly received.

6.       That executive actc because he owns the company.

7.       Unless I get the money on time, I can go on my vacation.

8.       Although she spend a lot of money on clothes, they never seem to suit her.

9.       I have a lot of extra work to do while my assistant is on vacation.

10.   After they moved into an expensive apartment, they have become very snobbish.

11.   While someone broke into her house and stole her jewelry, she was next door chatting with her neighbour.

12.   It’s while warm today when I’m going to the beach.

13.   Although my uncle has worked hard all his life, he could never save up enough money to go on a long vacation.

14.   We will go to the theatre with you tonight if we can get a baby-sitter.

15.   Don’t give this package to him before he sign a receipt for it.

16.   We’re since pleased with these new towels so that we’re going to buy some more.

17.   Since hitler believed that Germans were the master race, he set out to conquer all of Europe.

18.   Although I was in south America last year, I learned to speak Spanish.

19.   He looks so that he hasn’t ever changed his clothes.

20.   Repairs will be made while they are necessary.

Exercise

1.       Since edison invite a lamp which conducted electricity, gas had been the chief means of lighting home and streets.

2.       I saw an old friend of mine when I was entering the building.

3.       Because his car was much too small, he decided to sell it.

4.       He won’t pass the examination unless he study harder.

5.       Wherever he went, he was warmly received.

6.       That executive actc because he owns the company.

7.       Unless I get the money on time, I can go on my vacation.

8.       Although she spend a lot of money on clothes, they never seem to suit her.

9.       I have a lot of extra work to do while my assistant is on vacation.

10.   After they moved into an expensive apartment, they have become very snobbish.

11.   While someone broke into her house and stole her jewelry, she was next door chatting with her neighbour.

12.   It’s while warm today when I’m going to the beach.

13.   Although my uncle has worked hard all his life, he could never save up enough money to go on a long vacation.

14.   We will go to the theatre with you tonight if we can get a baby-sitter.

15.   Don’t give this package to him before he sign a receipt for it.

16.   We’re since pleased with these new towels so that we’re going to buy some more.

17.   Since hitler believed that Germans were the master race, he set out to conquer all of Europe.

18.   Although I was in south America last year, I learned to speak Spanish.

19.   He looks so that he hasn’t ever changed his clothes.

20.   Repairs will be made while they are necessary.

sejarah musik jazz

musik jazz masuk Indonesia pertama kali pada tahun 30an. Yang dibawa oleh musisi-musisi dari Filipina yang mencari pekerjaan di Jakarta dengan bermain musik. Bukan hanya mentransfer jazz saja, mereka juga memperkenalkan instrumen angin, seperti trumpet, saksofon, kepada penikmat musik Jakarta. Mereka memainkan jazz ritme Latin, seperti boleros, rhumba, samba dan lainnya.

Nama-nama musisi yang masih diingat adalah Soleano, Garcia, Pablo, Baial, Torio, Barnarto dan Samboyan. Selain bermain di Jakarta, seperti di Hotel Des Indes (sekarang Duta Merlin Plaza) dan Hotel Der Nederlander (jadi kantor pemerintahan), mereka juga bermain di kota lain, seperti di Hotel Savoy Homann – Bandung dan di Hotel Oranje (Yamato) – Surabaya.

Pada tahun 1948, sekitar 60 musisi Belanda datang ke Indonesia untuk membentuk orkestra simfoni yang berisi musisi lokal. Salah satu musisi Belanda yang terkenal adalah Jose Cleber. Studio Orkestra Jakarta milik Cleber mengakomodasi permainan musik California. Band-band baru bermunculan seperti The Progressive Trio, Iskandar’s Sextet dan Octet yang memainkan jazz dan The Old Timers yang memainkan repertoir Dixieland.

Pada tahun 1955, Bill Saragih membentuk kelompok Jazz Riders. Ia memainkan piano, vibes dan flute. Anggota lainnya adalah Didi Chia (piano), Paul Hutabarat (vokal), Herman Tobing (bass) dan Yuse (drum). Edisi selanjutnya beranggotakan Hanny Joseph (drum), Sutrisno (saksofon tenor), Thys Lopis (bass) dan Bob Tutupoly (vokal).

Band jazz yang terkenal tahun 1945 – 1950 di Surabaya beranggotakan Jack Lemmers (dikenal sebagai Jack Lesmana, ayah Indra Lesmana) pada bass/gitar, Bubi Chen (piano), Teddy Chen, Jopy Chen (bass), Maryono (saksofon), Berges (piano), Oei Boen Leng (gitar), Didi Pattirane (gitar), Mario Diaz (drum) dan Benny Hainem (clarinet).

Nama-nama musisi jazz di Bandung tahun 50 – 60an adalah Eddy Karamoy (gitar), Joop Talahahu (saksofon tenor), Leo Massenggani, Benny Pablo, Dolf (saksofon), John Lepel (bass), Iskandar (gitar dan piano) dan Sadikin Zuchra (gitar dan piano).

Musisi-musisi muda di Jakarta bermunculan tahun 70 – 80an. Di antaranya Ireng Maulana (gitar), Perry Pattiselano (bass), Embong Raharjo (saksofon), Luluk Purwanto (biola), Oele Pattiselano (gitar), Jackie Pattiselano (drum), Benny Likumahuwa (trombon dan bass), Bambang Nugroho (piano), Elfa Secioria (piano). Beberapa musisi muda lainnya mempelajari rock dan fusion, tapi masih dalam kerangka jazz. Mereka adalah Yopie Item (gitar), Karim Suweileh (drum), Wimpy Tanasale (bass), Abadi Soesman (keyboard), Candra Darusman (keyboard), Joko WH (gitar) dan lainnya.

Pertengahan tahun 80an, nama Fariz RM muncul. Ia lebih mengkategorikan musiknya sebagai new age. Namun, beberapa komposisinya bernafaskan pop jazz, bahkan latin. Indra Lesmana, Donny Suhendra, Pra B. Dharma, Dwiki Darmawan, Gilang Ramadan membentuk Krakatau, dan akhirnya kelompok ini bertransformasi menjadi Java Jazz, dengan mengganti beberapa personil.

Tahun 90an hingga sekarang, banyak sekali musisi dan kelompok jazz yang terbentuk. Musik jazz yang dibawakan tidak lagi mainstream, namun hasil distilasi berbagai musik seperti fusion, acid, pop, rock dan lainnya. Sebut saja SimakDialog, Dewa Budjana, Balawan dan Batuan Ethnic Fusion, Bali Lounge, Andien, Syaharani, Tompi, Bertha, Maliq & D’essentials dan masih banyak lagi lainnya.

Musisi jazz biasanya banyak bermunculan di Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya dan Bali. Hal ini disebabkan arus musik jazz lebih banyak mengalir di sana lewat pertunjukan jazz (JakJazz, Java Jazz Festival, Bali Jazz Festival), sekolah musik jazz, studio rekaman dan kafe yang menampilkan jazz. Seorang yang juga berjasa “mengalirkan” arus jazz ke Indonesia adalah Peter F. Gontha, seorang pemilik JAMZ dan pendiri pemrakarsa Java Jazz Festival. (AL/Angga, Berbagai sumber dan analisa

Manchester United football news

Manchester United

Ferguson decided that he wanted the youngster for his team, who were in the market for a right-sided midfielder with the departure of David Beckham to Real Madrid; Ronaldo was signed for a fee of £12.24 million, becoming the club’s first ever Portuguese player. Ronaldo was handed the number 7 shirt on his arrival, a shirt number that has belonged to some of the greatest Manchester United legends, such as George Best, Bryan Robson, Eric Cantona and David Beckham. Ronaldo initially asked for the number 28 which he wore at Sporting, as he did not want the pressure of living up to the expectation linked to the number 7 shirt. “After I joined, the manager asked me what number I’d like. I said 28. But Ferguson said ‘no, you’re going to have No. 7′ and the famous shirt was an extra source of motivation. I was forced to live up to such an honour”.
Ronaldo playing for Manchester United

Ronaldo made his debut for Manchester United as a 60th minute substitute against Bolton Wanderers at Old Trafford. Ronaldo amazed the crowd with his trickery, troubling the Bolton defence. The match ended in a 4-0 Manchester United win. On 29 October 2005, Ronaldo scored Manchester United’s 1000th Premiership goal, in a 4-1 loss at the hands of Middlesbrough. He bagged a double double in February, with two goals at home to Fulham and another pair at Fratton Park, and also scored in the following Premiership game against Wigan taking his tally to 8 Premiership goals. On 26 February 2006, Ronaldo played in the Carling Cup Final against Wigan in the Millennium Stadium at Cardiff, and scored a goal – taking his season’s tally to 10 goals. He was named FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year 2005, the only award to be voted for by fans. He received the same accolade the following year in 2006. He was also ranked 20th in the FIFA Player of the Year 2005 standings.

In 2006, a row between him and Ruud van Nistelrooy at the Carrington training ground intensified speculation about their roles at the club. However, Ronaldo signed a new deal with United that would last until 2010. Ronaldo said of the deal, “United have stood by me and been there for me and I want to repay that”.

Despite the World Cup incident, Ronaldo remained popular with the majority of Manchester United fans when he played (and scored) in his first Premiership match since the 2006 World Cup. Manchester United fans could clearly be heard chanting “there’s only one Ronaldo” at various points in the game, in a 5-1 win over Fulham F.C.. He won the Barclays Player of the Month for November 2006. By December 2006, Ronaldo had become one of United’s most influential players, scoring six goals in 3 league games to bring his overall tally up to 12 goals. He came on at half-time as a substitute against Wigan Athletic and immediately stamped his influence on the match with 2 goals in the space of a few minutes. Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson concedes he would lose his wager with the Portuguese in his current form after setting a target of 15 goals for the season. The Scot remarked that he was “pleased for him because he works hard at his game. He’s still learning the game. His ability to pass the ball has helped him this season. His passing has been very good. That just shows he is maturing. He’s been fantastic, and he’s getting better all the time”. In December, he was awarded the Barclays Player of the Month Award for the second successive month, becoming the third ever player in the Premiership to do so (after Arsenal’s Dennis Bergkamp in 1997 and Robbie Fowler in 1996). Ronaldo scored his 50th goal for Manchester United in the game against arch-rivals Manchester City which turned out to be the decisive goal which helped Manchester United claim the Premiership for the first time in 4 years. He is also a diver.

As the end of each season approached, particularly in 2006 and 2007, it became traditional for rumours to start floating that Ronaldo was unsettled at Manchester United and wanted to play for Real Madrid – the rumours frequently originating from the board of Real Madrid who were reported in April 2007 to be willing to pay an unprecedented €80 million (£54 million) for Ronaldo.[20] At the beginning of March 2007, however, Ronaldo, as well as Manchester United, confirmed that they would be negotiating an extension to his current contract. On 13 April 2007, Ronaldo signed a five-year, £120,000-a-week deal with United, making him the highest-paid player in United’s history. He said, “I am very happy at the club and I want to win trophies and hopefully we will do that this season”.
Rooney and Ronaldo (Right) depicted at Old Trafford

During the 2006-07 season, Ronaldo won the PFA Players’ Player of the Year and PFA Young Player of the Year awards. He received the two awards during a ceremony on the 22nd of April, 2007. In addition to winning the two awards (an accomplishment that has only been matched once – in 1977 by Andy Gray), Ronaldo was also named a member of the PFA Premiership Team of the Year, alongside seven of his fellow Manchester United teammates. On 24 April 2007, Ronaldo completed the treble by winning the PFA Fans’ Player of the Year, an award which is given by winning the most votes from fans all over the United Kingdom. In addition, he was awarded the 2007 Portuguese Footballer of the Year, and at the beginning of May 2007 Ronaldo was also awarded the Football Writers’ Association Award. He also received two awards from the club itself, the Player of the Year award, and the Fans’ Player of the Year award.

Last season had been tainted with several diving incidents. During a match with Middlesbrough F.C., he was criticised for diving by rival manager Gareth Southgate. On 4 February 2007, in a match against Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Ronaldo was caught in yet another diving controversy, after winning United a controversial penalty despite seeming to receive little or no contact from Tottenham’s Steed Malbranque.

Ronaldo has occasionally had problems with his temper during games, he was sent off in a game against Manchester City and received a one-match ban imposed by UEFA for a “one-fingered gesture” towards Benfica fans in a UEFA Champions League match in December 2005. While playing for Portugal in a friendly against Luxembourg he was given a yellow card for pushing Jeff Strasser in the throat in retaliation after Strasser tackled him. Felipe Scolari warned Ronaldo to keep his temper in check during the World Cup. Cristiano Ronaldo was dismissed due to an altercation with Portsmouth Player Richard Hughes, in a Premiership game on the Wednesday, 15 August 2007, and was therefore banned for the subsequent 3 games.After the match, Sir Alex Ferguson claimed that Ronaldo had “fallen into the trap”.Ronaldo felt really disappointed for not playing in the next 3 matches, and promised to keep his temper in the future.

During United’s second match of the 2007-08 season against Portsmouth, Ronaldo was sent off for his alleged headbutt of Richard Hughes earning him an automatic three match ban. In his first game following the ban, Ronaldo scored the only goal in the 60th minute of a Champions League away game against Sporting Lisbon on return to his old club. He was given a standing ovation by the Sporting supporters for his muted celebrations following the goal. Following this match, Ronaldo has kept his goalscoring boots on in the away fixture against Birmingham City F.C. The goalscoring continued with a brace against Wigan Athletic F.C. Ronaldo contributed 3 goals in both the home and away fixtures against Dynamo Kiev, a goal against Arsenal F.C. and another brace against Blackburn Rovers. An injury time winner, coming from a free-kick in the home fixture against Sporting Lisbon led Manchester United to the top of the group in the UEFA Champions League.On December 2, 2007, Ronaldo was officially announced as the runner up in the European Footballer of the Year standings, finishing behind the winner, Kaka, with 277 points. Ronaldo scored a match-winning double against Fulham F.C., one of which includes a memorable volley. He had also been booked for diving by referee Rob Styles when he went down under a challenge from Fulham’s goalkeeper, Antti Niemi. Sir Alex Ferguson had claimed that it “His reputation from years ago is still playing on the minds of referees. It was a ridiculous decision.” In addition to his two late penalties in the home fixtures against Derby County F.C.  and Everton F.C , a free-kick just before half-time against Sunderland F.C. brought a tally of 17 goals in 21 matches this season. On December 17 2007, it was officially announced that Ronaldo came in third in the FIFA World Player of the Year awards, finishing behind Kaká and Lionel Messi.

history of indonesia flag

Red Flag history began in the Kingdom Singosari White, who was then in 1292 by soldiers when fighting against the power Jayakatwang Kertanegara of Singosari (1222-1292). History of the Flag Red and White was called in ancient Javanese writings that the use of Caka 1216 (1254 AD), tells the story of a war between Jayakatwang against R. Wijaya.

MPU Prapanca in the essay book about the use of State Kertagama mencerirakan red and white colors in a ceremony today greatness during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk that reigned in the kingdom of Majapahit in 1350-1389 M. According Prapanca, images painted on the trains of the kings who attended today’s variety of greatness among other Lasem daughter of the king’s carriage is decorated with red fruit table. On the basis of the description, that the kingdom of Majapahit red and white is the color of glory.

In a book of natural Tembo Minangkabau are copied in 1840 from an older book that contained the amber flag Minangkabau nature, color Black Red and White. This flag is a heritage relic Minangkabau Malay kingdoms in the 14th century, when Maharaja Adityawarman reign (1340-1347). Red color = color commander (who runs the command) Color White = color of religion (clergy) Color Black = color Minangkabau adat (customary prince) – red and white color is also known as the Coconut Sugar color. In the Palace of Solo there is flag-shaped heirloom heritage Kyai Ageng Tarub, son of Raden Wijaya, the lower the Javanese kings.

In Java land tripe called chronicle Mentawis (Volume II, pp 123) states that when the country fought against Sultan Agung Starch. Troops under the auspices of the Red flag. Sultan reigned from 1613-1645.

On the other islands in Indonesia are also using the red and white flag. Among other things, IX Sisingamangaraja war flag of the Batak lands were wearing red and white as the color of the flag, white twin swords illustrated with bright red base and white. Red and white flag of war is Sisingamangaraja XII. Two swords symbolize the twin piso style of densely packed, heritage kings Sisingamangaraja I-XII

the story of the deer

one day the deer appear sleepy. His eyes seemed heavy to open. “Aaa …. rrrrgh”, the occasional deer seem to evaporate. Because the day is sunny, the deer feel the loss if the waste. He started walking around the forest track to drive drowsiness. Up on a hill, the hare shouted arrogantly, “O forest dwellers, I am the most intelligent animals, clever and smart in this forest. Nothing can match the intelligence and my intelligence”.

As he puffed out his chest, the hare was off and running down the hill. When we reached the river, he met a snail. “Hi deer!”, Greeted the snail. “Why are you shouting? Whether you’re happy?”, Said the snail. “No, I just want to inform on all forest-dwelling animal that I was the most intelligent, clever and smart,” replied the deer with his arrogant.

Snail “Arrogant once you hare, I am the smartest animals in the forest,” said the Snail. “Hahahaha ……., which may be” jeered Kancil. “To prove it, why do not we race tomorrow morning?”, Challenged the Snail. “Okay, I accept your challenge,” said the hare. Eventually they both agreed to hold a race tomorrow morning.

After the hare go, the snail soon gather his friends. He asked for help to his friends lined up and hide in the race track, and respond if the deer call.

Finally, the awaited day has arrived, deer and slugs were ready to race. “Are you ready for a race run with me”, said the deer. “Of course I have, and I would win,” said the snail. Then the deer slug invited to run in advance and called to make sure it is up to where the snails.

Deer casually walking, and felt confident that he will win. After several steps, the deer tried to call the snail. “Snails …. Where you been up to?”, Cried the deer. “I’m in front of you!”, Cried the snail. Deer amazed, and immediately sped up. Then he called the snail again, and the snail replied with the same word. “I have front of you!”

Finally, the deer ran, but he is calling each of the snails, he always comes up and says that he’s the next deer. Sweat profusely, his legs felt weak and panting breath.

Deer ran on, until finally he saw the finish line. Deer are very happy face, because when he called slugs, have no answers anymore. Hare felt that he was the winner of that race.

How surprised the deer, because he saw the snails have been sitting on a rock near the finish line. “Hi deer, why are you so long? I’ve been up to of that!”, Cried the snail. With bowed heads, the deer over to the slug and conceded defeat. “So do not be arrogant, you are cunning and clever, but you are not the most intelligent and ingenious,” said the snail. “Yeah, I’m sorry snail, I would not arrogant anymore”, said the deer

Malin Kundang’s Legend

Malin was a bright child but a bit naughty. One day, when Malin was chasing chickens, he tripped and his right arm was injured by a stones. The injury was become scar and can not be lost.

Feeling sorry for his mother who raise him. Malin decided to go abroad for a fortune once again someday. Mother initially disagree, considering that her husband never came back after a wander, but Malin insisted, she was willing to release Malin eventually, migrate by boarded the merchant’s ship.

Along the way, suddenly the ship were attacked by pirates. All items that were on the ship seized by pirates. Even most of the crew and people who were on board were killed. Malin got lucky, he was hiding so he wasn’t killed.

Malin float amid sea, until finally the ship was stranded on a beach. With the remaining strength, Malin walked to a nearby village. With tenacity and perseverance to work, Malin managed to become very rich. After becoming rich, Malin marry a girl to become his wife.

News that say Malin was wealthy and had been married reach into Malin’s mother. Malin’s mother grateful and delighted her son has been successful. Since then, Malin’s mother every day go to the dock, waiting for her son who might come home.

After a long marriage, Malin and his wife make the voyage with the crew and a lot of bodyguards. Malin’s mother who saw the arrival of the ship saw two people standing on the deck of a ship. He believes that it is Malin and his wife. Malin’s mother was heading toward the ship. Once close enough, his mother saw the scar on the person’s right arm, his mother more convinced  that he was Malin. “Malin, my son, why did you go so long without report?”, He said while hugging Malin. But to see an old lady tattered and dirty dressed hugged him, Malin became angry even though he knew that the old lady is her mother, because he was embarrassed when it is known to his wife and crew.

Get treated like that Malin’s mother very angry. He did not imagine that malin become rebellious. Because of wrathful, Malin’s mother swore her son “Oh God, if he is my son, I swear he would became a stone.”

Not long after that Malin get back voyaging and on the way coming storm destroying Malin’s ship. After that Malin’s body slowly becomes stiff and eventually run into a rock. Until now Malin Kundang stone can still be seen at a beach called Aia Manih coast, south of the city of Padang, West Sumatra